Thursday, May 28, 2009

Voyager space craft

The Voyager 1 spacecraft is a 722-kilogram (1,592 lb) robotic space probe of the outer Solar System and beyond, launched September 5, 1977 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration from Cape Canaveral, Florida aboard a Titan IIIE/Centaur carrier rocket, shortly after its twin space probe, Voyager 2 on August 20, 1977. Its original mission was to visit Jupiter and Saturn. Voyager 1 is currently the farthest human-made object from Earth, traveling away from both the Earth and the Sun at a speed that corresponds to a greater specific energy than any other probe. Though its twin space-probe, Voyager 2, was launched 16 days earlier, Voyager 2 will never pass Voyager 1. Neither will the New Horizons mission to Pluto, despite being launched from Earth at a faster speed than both Voyager craft, since during its flight Voyager 1 benefited from a number of gravity assisted speed boosts. Voyager 1 was originally planned as Mariner 11 of the Mariner program. From the outset, it was designed to take advantage of the then-new technique of gravity assist. The identical Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes were designed with the possibility of a Grand Tour in mind, and their launches were timed to enable the Grand Tour if things went well. However, the two Voyagers were only funded by Congress as Jupiter-Saturn probes. Voyager 1 began photographing Jupiter in January 1979. Its closest approach to Jupiter was on March 5, 1979, at a distance of 349,000 kilometers (217,000 miles) from its center. Due to the greater resolution allowed by close approach, most observations of the moons, rings, magnetic fields, and radiation environment of the Jupiter system were made in the 48-hour period bracketing closest approach. It finished photographing the planet in April. Voyager 1's Saturn flyby occurred in November 1980, with the closest approach on November 12, 1980 when it came within 124,000 kilometers (77,000 mi) of the planet's cloud-tops. The Titan-approach trajectory caused an additional gravitational deflection that took Voyager 1 out of the plane of the ecliptic, thus ending its planetary science mission.
This event helped the space program a lot. It gave NASA a lot of pictures of Jupiter and Saturn. Which I think helped them a lot. It was the first space probe. It helped for the design of more of them. The two are still used today.

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